Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority

Core Principles

All types of TOD are defined by a commonly shared set of principles that differentiate them from other conventional types of development.

MIX OF USES

The clustering of different uses around transit – housing, office, retail, health providers, and others.

Mix of uses
DEVELOPMENT DENSITY

Enables the ability for people to walk or bike in between destinations, rather than drive.

Development density
MULTIMODAL

Streets, sidewalks, bicycle lanes, bus stops, and other infrastructure that accommodates safe and comfortable use by pedestrian and bike use.

Multimodal
NEAR HIGH-QUALITY TRANSIT

Proximate frequent and reliable transit that connects the area to opportunities throughout the region.

Near high-quality transit
INTEGRATED WITH SURROUNDINGS

Development is well-integrated with the existing neighborhood characteristics and fabric.

Integrated with surroundings
SAFETY/ACCESSIBILITY

Development prioritizes public safety and accessibility for people of differing abilities through infrastructure design, lighting, and signage. ​

Safety and accessibility

TOD can be successful in a variety of contexts. While low-density land uses are not compatible with TOD, there are many examples of successful TOD without a single high-rise. In other situations, high-quality transit makes it possible to accommodate major development without generating significant car traffic. Examples of various TOD typologies are shown below. ​

Urban Core

Highest density (usually > 85 activity population/acre with mid-rise to high-rise buildings), mixed use dominated with office use and ground floor retail activity, high pedestrian connectivity

BENEFITS & IMPACTS

Urban core ridership is good
Ridership
Urban core access to jobs is good
Access to Jobs
Urban core walkability is good
Walkability
Urban core GHG emissions per capita is good
GHG Emissions Per Capita
Urban core vehicle miles traveled per capita is good
Vehicle Miles Traveled Per Capita
Urban core economic activities is good
Economic Activities
Neighborhood hub

High density (45 to 85 activity population/acre, mid-rise buildings), mixed use with multi-family residential, high pedestrian connectivity

BENEFITS & IMPACTS

Neighborhood hub ridership is good
Ridership
Neighborhood hub access to jobs is good
Access to Jobs
Neighborhood hub walkability is good
Walkability
Neighborhood hub GHG emissions per capita is fair
GHG Emissions Per Capita
Neighborhood hub vehicle miles traveled per capita is fair
Vehicle Miles Traveled Per Capita
Neighborhood hub economic activities is good
Economic Activities
Suburban center

Medium density (20 to 30 activity population/acre) with a mix of multi-family and single family residential, corner stores and mid-rise offices, often with park-and-ride facilities

BENEFITS & IMPACTS

Suburban center ridership is fair
Ridership
Suburban center access to jobs is fair
Access to Jobs
Suburban center walkability is poor
Walkability
Suburban center GHG emissions per capita is fair
GHG Emissions Per Capita
Suburban center vehicle miles traveled per capita is fair
Vehicle Miles Traveled Per Capita
Suburban center economic activities is fair
Economic Activities
Emerging transit suburb

Lower density (below 20 activity population/ per acre), predominantly residential with some local retail uses

BENEFITS & IMPACTS

Emerging transit suburb ridership is poor
Ridership
Emerging transit suburb access to jobs is poor
Access to Jobs
Emerging transit suburb walkability is poor
Walkability
Emerging transit suburb GHG emissions per capita is poor
GHG Emissions Per Capita
Emerging transit suburb vehicle miles traveled per capita is poor
Vehicle Miles Traveled Per Capita
Emerging transit suburb economic activities is poor
Economic Activities